:: COMPLEX1 semantic presentation :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Trees again to close it)
Lm1: one =
succ 0
by ORDINAL2:def 4
.=
1
;
Lm2: 2 =
succ 1
.=
(succ 0) \/ {1}
by ORDINAL1:def 1
.=
({} \/ {0}) \/ {1}
by ORDINAL1:def 1
.=
{0,one }
by Lm1, ENUMSET1:41
;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:1 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem Th2: :: COMPLEX1:2 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
Lm3:
for a, b being Element of REAL holds 0 <= (a ^2 ) + (b ^2 )
definition
let z be
complex number ;
canceled;func Re z -> set means :
Def2:
:: COMPLEX1:def 2
it = z if z in REAL otherwise ex
f being
Function of 2,
REAL st
(
z = f &
it = f . 0 );
existence
( ( z in REAL implies ex b1 being set st b1 = z ) & ( not z in REAL implies ex b1 being set ex f being Function of 2, REAL st
( z = f & b1 = f . 0 ) ) )
uniqueness
for b1, b2 being set holds
( ( z in REAL & b1 = z & b2 = z implies b1 = b2 ) & ( not z in REAL & ex f being Function of 2, REAL st
( z = f & b1 = f . 0 ) & ex f being Function of 2, REAL st
( z = f & b2 = f . 0 ) implies b1 = b2 ) )
;
consistency
for b1 being set holds verum
;
func Im z -> set means :
Def3:
:: COMPLEX1:def 3
it = 0
if z in REAL otherwise ex
f being
Function of 2,
REAL st
(
z = f &
it = f . 1 );
existence
( ( z in REAL implies ex b1 being set st b1 = 0 ) & ( not z in REAL implies ex b1 being set ex f being Function of 2, REAL st
( z = f & b1 = f . 1 ) ) )
uniqueness
for b1, b2 being set holds
( ( z in REAL & b1 = 0 & b2 = 0 implies b1 = b2 ) & ( not z in REAL & ex f being Function of 2, REAL st
( z = f & b1 = f . 1 ) & ex f being Function of 2, REAL st
( z = f & b2 = f . 1 ) implies b1 = b2 ) )
;
consistency
for b1 being set holds verum
;
end;
:: deftheorem COMPLEX1:def 1 :
canceled;
:: deftheorem Def2 defines Re COMPLEX1:def 2 :
:: deftheorem Def3 defines Im COMPLEX1:def 3 :
theorem :: COMPLEX1:3 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:4 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem Th5: :: COMPLEX1:5 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
Lm4:
for a, b being Element of REAL holds
( Re [*a,b*] = a & Im [*a,b*] = b )
Lm5:
for z being complex number holds [*(Re z),(Im z)*] = z
theorem :: COMPLEX1:6 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:7 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:8 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem Th9: :: COMPLEX1:9 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
:: deftheorem COMPLEX1:def 4 :
canceled;
:: deftheorem defines = COMPLEX1:def 5 :
:: deftheorem defines 0c COMPLEX1:def 6 :
:: deftheorem defines 1r COMPLEX1:def 7 :
:: deftheorem defines <i> COMPLEX1:def 8 :
Lm6:
0 = [*0,0*]
by ARYTM_0:def 7;
Lm7:
1r = [*1,0*]
by ARYTM_0:def 7;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:10 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:11 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem Th12: :: COMPLEX1:12 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
theorem Th13: :: COMPLEX1:13 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
theorem :: COMPLEX1:14 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem Th15: :: COMPLEX1:15 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
theorem :: COMPLEX1:16 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem Th17: :: COMPLEX1:17 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
Lm8:
for x being real number
for x1, x2 being Element of REAL st x = [*x1,x2*] holds
( x2 = 0 & x = x1 )
Lm9:
for x', y' being Element of REAL
for x, y being real number st x' = x & y' = y holds
+ x',y' = x + y
Lm10:
for x being Element of REAL holds opp x = - x
Lm11:
for x', y' being Element of REAL
for x, y being real number st x' = x & y' = y holds
* x',y' = x * y
Lm12:
for x, y, z being Element of COMPLEX st z = x + y holds
Re z = (Re x) + (Re y)
Lm13:
for x, y, z being Element of COMPLEX st z = x + y holds
Im z = (Im x) + (Im y)
Lm14:
for x, y, z being Element of COMPLEX st z = x * y holds
Re z = ((Re x) * (Re y)) - ((Im x) * (Im y))
Lm15:
for x, y, z being Element of COMPLEX st z = x * y holds
Im z = ((Re x) * (Im y)) + ((Im x) * (Re y))
Lm16:
for z1, z2 being Element of COMPLEX holds z1 + z2 = [*((Re z1) + (Re z2)),((Im z1) + (Im z2))*]
Lm17:
for z1, z2 being Element of COMPLEX holds z1 * z2 = [*(((Re z1) * (Re z2)) - ((Im z1) * (Im z2))),(((Re z1) * (Im z2)) + ((Re z2) * (Im z1)))*]
Lm18:
for z1, z2 being complex number holds
( Re (z1 * z2) = ((Re z1) * (Re z2)) - ((Im z1) * (Im z2)) & Im (z1 * z2) = ((Re z1) * (Im z2)) + ((Re z2) * (Im z1)) )
Lm19:
for z1, z2 being complex number holds
( Re (z1 + z2) = (Re z1) + (Re z2) & Im (z1 + z2) = (Im z1) + (Im z2) )
Lm20:
for x being Real holds Re (x * <i> ) = 0
Lm21:
for x being Real holds Im (x * <i> ) = x
Lm22:
for x, y being Real holds [*x,y*] = x + (y * <i> )
:: deftheorem defines + COMPLEX1:def 9 :
theorem :: COMPLEX1:18 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem Th19: :: COMPLEX1:19 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
:: deftheorem defines * COMPLEX1:def 10 :
theorem :: COMPLEX1:20 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:21 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:22 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:23 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem Th24: :: COMPLEX1:24 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
theorem Th25: :: COMPLEX1:25 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
theorem Th26: :: COMPLEX1:26 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
theorem :: COMPLEX1:27 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
theorem Th28: :: COMPLEX1:28 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
theorem Th29: :: COMPLEX1:29 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
theorem Th30: :: COMPLEX1:30 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
theorem Th31: :: COMPLEX1:31 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
theorem :: COMPLEX1:32 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
:: deftheorem Def11 defines - COMPLEX1:def 11 :
theorem :: COMPLEX1:33 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem Th34: :: COMPLEX1:34 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
- <i> = 0 + ((- 1) * <i> )
;
then Lm23:
( Re (- <i> ) = 0 & Im (- <i> ) = - 1 )
by Th28;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:35 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:36 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:37 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
:: deftheorem defines - COMPLEX1:def 12 :
theorem :: COMPLEX1:38 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:39 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:40 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:41 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:42 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:43 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:44 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:45 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:46 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:47 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem Th48: :: COMPLEX1:48 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
:: deftheorem Def13 defines " COMPLEX1:def 13 :
theorem :: COMPLEX1:49 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:50 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:51 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:52 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:53 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:54 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:55 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:56 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:57 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:58 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:59 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:60 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:61 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:62 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:63 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem Th64: :: COMPLEX1:64 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
theorem :: COMPLEX1:65 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:66 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:67 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:68 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:69 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:70 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:71 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:72 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
theorem :: COMPLEX1:73 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:74 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:75 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:76 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:77 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:78 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem Th79: :: COMPLEX1:79 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
theorem Th80: :: COMPLEX1:80 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
:: deftheorem defines / COMPLEX1:def 14 :
theorem :: COMPLEX1:81 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:82 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
theorem :: COMPLEX1:83 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:84 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:85 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:86 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:87 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:88 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:89 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:90 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:91 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:92 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:93 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:94 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:95 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:96 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:97 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:98 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:99 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:100 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:101 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:102 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:103 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:104 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:105 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:106 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:107 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:108 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:109 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
theorem :: COMPLEX1:110 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
:: deftheorem defines *' COMPLEX1:def 15 :
theorem :: COMPLEX1:111 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem Th112: :: COMPLEX1:112 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
theorem :: COMPLEX1:113 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
theorem :: COMPLEX1:114 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
theorem :: COMPLEX1:115 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
Lm24:
( Re (<i> *' ) = 0 & Im (<i> *' ) = - 1 )
by Th17, Th112;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:116 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
theorem :: COMPLEX1:117 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
canceled;
theorem Th118: :: COMPLEX1:118 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
theorem Th119: :: COMPLEX1:119 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
theorem :: COMPLEX1:120 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
theorem Th121: :: COMPLEX1:121 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
theorem Th122: :: COMPLEX1:122 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
theorem :: COMPLEX1:123 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
theorem :: COMPLEX1:124 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
theorem :: COMPLEX1:125 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
theorem :: COMPLEX1:126 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
theorem :: COMPLEX1:127 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
theorem :: COMPLEX1:128 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
:: deftheorem defines |. COMPLEX1:def 16 :
Lm25:
sqrt ((0 ^2 ) + (0 ^2 )) = 0
by SQUARE_1:82;
theorem Th129: :: COMPLEX1:129 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
theorem Th130: :: COMPLEX1:130 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
theorem Th131: :: COMPLEX1:131 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
theorem Th132: :: COMPLEX1:132 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
theorem :: COMPLEX1:133 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
Lm26:
sqrt ((1 ^2 ) + (0 ^2 )) = 1
by SQUARE_1:83;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:134 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
Lm27:
sqrt ((0 ^2 ) + (1 ^2 )) = 1
by SQUARE_1:83;
theorem :: COMPLEX1:135 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
Lm28:
for z being complex number holds |.(- z).| = |.z.|
Lm29:
for a being real number st a <= 0 holds
|.a.| = - a
Lm30:
for a being real number holds sqrt (a ^2 ) = |.a.|
theorem :: COMPLEX1:136 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
theorem :: COMPLEX1:137 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
theorem :: COMPLEX1:138 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
theorem Th139: :: COMPLEX1:139 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
Lm31:
for x being real number holds
( - |.x.| <= x & x <= |.x.| )
theorem :: COMPLEX1:140 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
theorem :: COMPLEX1:141 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
theorem Th142: :: COMPLEX1:142 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
theorem Th143: :: COMPLEX1:143 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
theorem :: COMPLEX1:144 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
theorem Th145: :: COMPLEX1:145 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
theorem Th146: :: COMPLEX1:146 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
theorem Th147: :: COMPLEX1:147 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
theorem :: COMPLEX1:148 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
theorem :: COMPLEX1:149 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
Lm32:
for x, y being real number holds
( ( - y <= x & x <= y ) iff |.x.| <= y )
theorem :: COMPLEX1:150 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
theorem Th151: :: COMPLEX1:151 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
theorem Th152: :: COMPLEX1:152 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
theorem :: COMPLEX1:153 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
theorem :: COMPLEX1:154 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
theorem :: COMPLEX1:155 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
theorem :: COMPLEX1:156 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
theorem Th157: :: COMPLEX1:157 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
theorem :: COMPLEX1:158 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
theorem :: COMPLEX1:159 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
theorem :: COMPLEX1:160 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
theorem :: COMPLEX1:161 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
theorem :: COMPLEX1:162 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)
theorem :: COMPLEX1:163 :: Showing IDV graph ... (Click the Palm Tree again to close it)