The Deep Encoding

The Need for Ontology

• Chitta motivated this, so I don't need to
• What can be done using SUMO?

The Suggested Upper Merged Ontology (SUMO)

• Written in SUO-KIF, mostly first-order but some higher-order
• General ontological axioms, e.g., classes, instances, relations
• Commonsense and biological axioms
• Overhead from meta-encoding
• SUO-KIF format exported to TPTP FOF format

The FOF Formulae

• Encoding of class hierarchy
• General ontological axioms
• Properties of exchange rate and environments from SUMO
• Problem-specific commonsense and biological axioms

Strengths and Weaknesses

• Slow(er) and cleaner encoding
• Unnecessary axioms
• Reusable axioms