Conclusion

Shallow vs. Deep Encoding

• Shallow is quick-and-dirty, deep is slow-and-clean
• Deep axioms are more reusable than shallow axioms
• Deep axiomatization reused SUMO content
  • Properties of relations
  • Units and measures
  • Process, action, time
• Deep axiomatizations include unnecessary axioms

Biology in SUMO

• Contains ...
  • Standard biological taxonomy
  • Information about human organs and their function
  • A domain ontology of viruses
• Much more can be encoded ... a great student project!

Strengths and Weaknesses

• Formal logic - clear semantics
• TPTP - the standard for ATP
• Proof can be exported to explanation, e.g., P.rex
• Logic encoding - can be too general
• First-order logic - is not powerful enough
• A full ontology - requires accurate selection