%--------------------------------------------------------------------------
% File     : MGT061+1 : TPTP v9.0.0. Released v2.4.0.
% Domain   : Management (Organisation Theory)
% Problem  : Conditions for an in reasing hazard of mortality
% Version  : [Han98] axioms.
% English  : The hazard of mortality increases with age for an unendowed
%            organization with a fragile position  in drifting environments.

% Refs     : [Kam00] Kamps (2000), Email to G. Sutcliffe
%          : [CH00]  Carroll & Hannan (2000), The Demography of Corporation
%          : [Han98] Hannan (1998), Rethinking Age Dependence in Organizati
% Source   : [Kam00]
% Names    : THEOREM 7 [Han98]

% Status   : Theorem
% Rating   : 0.18 v9.0.0, 0.28 v8.2.0, 0.22 v8.1.0, 0.19 v7.5.0, 0.22 v7.4.0, 0.13 v7.3.0, 0.21 v7.2.0, 0.17 v6.4.0, 0.19 v6.3.0, 0.21 v6.2.0, 0.20 v6.1.0, 0.30 v6.0.0, 0.35 v5.5.0, 0.33 v5.4.0, 0.36 v5.3.0, 0.44 v5.2.0, 0.25 v5.1.0, 0.24 v5.0.0, 0.29 v4.1.0, 0.30 v4.0.0, 0.29 v3.7.0, 0.20 v3.5.0, 0.16 v3.3.0, 0.14 v3.2.0, 0.27 v3.1.0, 0.33 v2.7.0, 0.17 v2.6.0, 0.33 v2.4.0
% Syntax   : Number of formulae    :   18 (   5 unt;   0 def)
%            Number of atoms       :   65 (  12 equ)
%            Maximal formula atoms :   16 (   3 avg)
%            Number of connectives :   58 (  11   ~;   4   |;  22   &)
%                                         (   7 <=>;  14  =>;   0  <=;   0 <~>)
%            Maximal formula depth :   12 (   5 avg)
%            Maximal term depth    :    2 (   1 avg)
%            Number of predicates  :   12 (  11 usr;   0 prp; 1-3 aty)
%            Number of functors    :    9 (   9 usr;   7 con; 0-2 aty)
%            Number of variables   :   31 (  31   !;   0   ?)
% SPC      : FOF_THM_RFO_SEQ

% Comments : See MGT042+1.p for the mnemonic names.
%--------------------------------------------------------------------------
include('Axioms/MGT001+0.ax').
%--------------------------------------------------------------------------
%----Problem Axioms
%----An unendowed organization never possesses immunity.
fof(assumption_1,axiom,
    ! [X,T] :
      ( ( organization(X)
        & ~ has_endowment(X) )
     => ~ has_immunity(X,T) ) ).

%----Two states of the environment are dissimilar for an organization
%----if and only if the organization cannot be aligned to both.
%----
%----Added quantification over X.
fof(definition_2,axiom,
    ! [X,T0,T] :
      ( dissimilar(X,T0,T)
    <=> ( organization(X)
        & ~ ( is_aligned(X,T0)
          <=> is_aligned(X,T) ) ) ) ).

%----An organization is aligned with the state of the environment at
%----its time of founding.
fof(assumption_13,axiom,
    ! [X,T] :
      ( ( organization(X)
        & age(X,T) = zero )
     => is_aligned(X,T) ) ).

%----Environmental drift: the environments at times separated by more
%----than `sigma' are dissimilar.
fof(assumption_15,axiom,
    ! [X,T0,T] :
      ( ( organization(X)
        & age(X,T0) = zero )
     => ( greater(age(X,T),sigma)
      <=> dissimilar(X,T0,T) ) ) ).

%--- Case: Fragile and robust positions in drifting environments.
%--- Retracting A16!
%----
%----An organization's position is fragile if and only if it does not
%----provide advantage after age `sigma'.
%----
%----Added case:  ( smaller_or_equal(age(X,T),sigma)
%----            => positional_advantage(X,T) )
fof(definition_3,axiom,
    ! [X] :
      ( fragile_position(X)
    <=> ! [T] :
          ( ( smaller_or_equal(age(X,T),sigma)
           => positional_advantage(X,T) )
          & ( greater(age(X,T),sigma)
           => ~ positional_advantage(X,T) ) ) ) ).

%----An organization's immunity. alignment of capability with the
%----current state of the environment and positional advantage jointly
%----affect the hazard of mortality with the following ordinal scaling:
fof(assumption_17,axiom,
    ! [X,T] :
      ( organization(X)
     => ( ( has_immunity(X,T)
         => hazard_of_mortality(X,T) = very_low )
        & ( ~ has_immunity(X,T)
         => ( ( ( is_aligned(X,T)
                & positional_advantage(X,T) )
             => hazard_of_mortality(X,T) = low )
            & ( ( ~ is_aligned(X,T)
                & positional_advantage(X,T) )
             => hazard_of_mortality(X,T) = mod1 )
            & ( ( is_aligned(X,T)
                & ~ positional_advantage(X,T) )
             => hazard_of_mortality(X,T) = mod2 )
            & ( ( ~ is_aligned(X,T)
                & ~ positional_advantage(X,T) )
             => hazard_of_mortality(X,T) = high ) ) ) ) ) ).

%----The levels of hazard of mortality are ordered:
%----
%----Split over 5 separate formulas because TPTP gives an error on top
%----level occurrences of `&'.
fof(assumption_18a,axiom,
    greater(high,mod1) ).

fof(assumption_18b,axiom,
    greater(mod1,low) ).

fof(assumption_18c,axiom,
    greater(low,very_low) ).

fof(assumption_18d,axiom,
    greater(high,mod2) ).

fof(assumption_18e,axiom,
    greater(mod2,low) ).

%----Problem theorems
%----Fragile position without endowment: The hazard of mortality
%----increases with age for an unendowed organization with a fragile
%----position  in drifting environments.
%----From D2, D3 and A1, A13, A15, A17, A18 (text says D1,2 and A1,2,13-15,
%----A17-19; also needs D<=, MP>com, MP>tra).
%----
%----Added (hazard_of_mortality(X,T1) = hazard_of_mortality(X,T0)).
fof(theorem_7,conjecture,
    ! [X,T0,T1,T2] :
      ( ( organization(X)
        & fragile_position(X)
        & ~ has_endowment(X)
        & age(X,T0) = zero
        & greater(sigma,zero)
        & smaller_or_equal(age(X,T1),sigma)
        & greater(age(X,T2),sigma) )
     => ( greater(hazard_of_mortality(X,T2),hazard_of_mortality(X,T1))
        & hazard_of_mortality(X,T1) = hazard_of_mortality(X,T0) ) ) ).

%--------------------------------------------------------------------------